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Fort Robinson massacre
The Fort Robinson tragedy (winter 1878-1879) refers to a series of events which occurred during the winter of 1878-1879 at Fort Robinson in northwestern Nebraska. After having been forced to relocate south to the Darlington Agency in the Southern Cheyenne Reservation, a band of Northern Cheyenne fled back north in September 1878 because of the terrible conditions. The US Army intercepted part of the Northern Cheyenne Exodus and took a band of nearly 150 Cheyenne to Fort Robinson in Nebraska. In January, after the Cheyenne refused an order in early January to return to the south, the soldiers began to treat them more harshly to try to force them south: they were confined to a barracks without rations or wood for heat. Most of the band escaped on January 9, but the US Army hunted them down. They quickly returned 65 to the fort, and by January 22 cornered and killed most of the last 32 escapees, as they were poorly armed and greatly outnumbered by 150 soldiers.〔Chapter 14, "Cheyenne Exodus", pages 331 to 359, ''Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee: An Indian History of the American West'', Dee Brown, Henry Holt (1970, Owl paperback edition 1991), ISBN 0-8050-1730-5〕〔Chapter 29, "Little Wolf and Dull Knife, 1876-79", pages 398 to 413 and Chapter 30, "The Fort Robinson Outbreak", pp. 414 to 427, ''The Fighting Cheyennes'', George Bird Grinnell, University of Oklahoma Press (1956, Scribner's Sons 1915),〕〔''In Dull Knife's Wake: The True Story of the Northern Cheyenne Exodus of 1878'' by Maddux Albert Glenn, Horse Creek Publications (October 20, 2003), ISBN 0-9722217-1-9 ISBN 978-0972221719〕〔Pages 109 to 159''Tell Them We Are Going Home: The Odyssey of the Northern Cheyennes'', by John H. Monnett, University of Oklahoma Press (2001), ISBN 0-8061-3303-1〕〔Pages 251 to 297, ''Holding Stone Hands: On the Trail of the Cheyenne Exodus'', by Alan Boyle, University of Nebraska Press (1999), ISBN 0-8032-1294-1〕
==Journey north==
In September, 1878 a band of nearly 300 Northern Cheyenne, under the leadership of Little Wolf and Dull Knife, fled from the Indian Territory north through Kansas to return to their traditional lands in the Powder River country of Wyoming and Montana. They were pursued by US Army troops, but the warriors successfully fought the soldiers off as they crossed Kansas. They lived off the land, sometimes raiding settlers and cattlemen along the way to obtain horses and food.
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